Climate change impacts women and girls in unique and often disproportionate ways, particularly in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), where reliance on climate-sensitive resources and limited access to land, water, and decision-making power heighten vulnerabilities. This paper, developed under the UNDP–UNEP NAP-Global Support Programme, explores how the UNFCCC has advanced gender equality through the Lima Work Programme on Gender, launched at COP20 and set for review at COP22. It highlights lessons from the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Gender Plan of Action and examines Malawi’s experience in implementing gender-responsive climate policy. The publication concludes with recommendations for strengthening gender equality and integrating women’s expertise more fully into UNFCCC processes to enhance the effectiveness of climate action.