This policy brief “The Significance of Surface Water Harvesting Structures in Mongolia” was developed under the UNDP SCALA Mongolia project. The brief proposes six “template designs” for Surface Water Harvesting Structure (SWHS) that can be applied across Mongolia, tailored to the country’s diverse landscapes and designed to address existing regulatory complexities. It also provides comprehensive recommendations on legal and budgetary adjustments, terminology alignment, the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies, the establishment of a common database, local community engagement, and protection measures for SWHS. Furthermore, it recommends the issuance of a government resolution to support these initiatives.