The 12 recommendations provided in this build on the outcomes of the First Global Stocktake and the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience. They are grouped into three clusters: Raising Ambition, Accelerating Implementation, and Strengthening Enablers. Each recommendation is followed by specific actions to illustrate how countries might implement the recommendation—either as an input to the NDC or as a part of the targets and actions specified in the NDC.
This issue of the NDC Insights series (published March 2025) focuses on adaptation and the critical alignment between National Adaptation Plans and Nationally Determined Contributions, spotlighting Cuba, a Caribbean Small Island Developing State.
The UNFCCC Paris Agreement at COP21 introduced Global Goals on Adaptation (GGA) and periodic progress assessments. In December 2023, COP28 adopted the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience, outlining seven adaptation targets and four policy cycle targets to assess adaptation efforts and risk reduction. The first stock take at COP28 revealed insufficient data to determine the adequacy of current and planned adaptation measures against expected climate impacts.
Amid the climate crisis, nature-based indigenous solutions such as ice stupas ensure evidence-based and transformative changes to build the climate resilience of these mountain ecosystems.
A handbook for training government officials in disaster risk management, including key concepts and terms, case studies, an overview of global policies and frameworks for DRR and in the domestic context, a checklist of roles of district line departments in disaster management and more.
As the globe warms up due to the impact of climate change, the glaciers of Gilgit Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan are beginning to melt at an increasingly fast pace, resulting in catastrophic disasters like glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). In response to the melting glaciers, an indigenous practice of glacier grafting has been preserved by the people of Baltistan known as ‘Gang Khswa’ in their native language, meaning to ‘nurture with deep affection’.